Bitcoin Tops $91K as Ethereum Fusaka and Ontology v3 Upgrade Arrive
Bitcoin (BTC) surged past $91,000 as November closed, while overall on‑chain activity and trading volumes remained subdued and many altcoins traded sideways. Two protocol upgrades are in focus: Ethereum’s Fusaka upgrade (scheduled this week) aims to improve mainnet efficiency and better handle high-volume Layer‑2 transaction data via PeerDAS, lowering bandwidth and validation costs — a development positive for Ethereum scalability, tokenization use cases and Layer‑2 economics. Ontology (ONT) will launch MainNet v3.0.0 and a Consensus Nodes upgrade on December 1, 2025, alongside an ONG tokenomics change that caps ONG supply at 800 million, extends issuance to 19 years, and allocates 80% of released ONG to incentivize ONT staking. Traders should note short‑term price moves for Ether may reflect investor sentiment more than technical benefits, while ONG supply limits and staking incentives could affect ONT/ONG token dynamics.
Bullish
The news combines a strong BTC price move with protocol upgrades that improve fundamentals for Ethereum and Ontology — a net positive for market sentiment. Fusaka targets validator costs and Layer‑2 throughput using PeerDAS, which should strengthen Ethereum’s scalability narrative and tokenization prospects; historically, meaningful mainnet upgrades that improve efficiency (e.g., past Ethereum hard forks introducing gas or rollup optimizations) have supported medium‑term demand for ETH and Layer‑2 projects. Ontology’s ONG supply cap and staking incentives tighten tokenomics and may increase staking demand for ONT, a bullish supply-side signal. Short term, BTC’s rally and upgrade anticipation can spur risk-on flows into ETH and related altcoins, though immediate price action may be volatile and driven by sentiment rather than on‑chain utility realization. Traders should watch volume, validator/client metrics post‑upgrade, ONG issuance updates, and on‑chain staking flows to time entries; use risk management around potential short‑term profit‑taking and upgrade‑related technical issues.