Bitcoin ownership in 2026: Satoshi, exchanges, ETF holders

Arkham’s April 2026 on-chain analysis ranks the biggest Bitcoin ownership entities and wallets, showing how Bitcoin is split across Satoshi-linked activity, custodians, exchanges, governments and unknown addresses. Bitcoin ownership remains concentrated in “identified” clusters, but large balances still sit in unattributed wallets. Satoshi Nakamoto is still the largest identified entity, linked to ~1.096M BTC (~$82B), attributed via the “Patoshi Pattern” (early mining, ~22,000 blocks). Coinbase follows with ~976k BTC (~5% of supply), including exchange and customer custody. Binance holds ~631k BTC across tagged wallets. Spot Bitcoin ETFs are a major tracked share. BlackRock leads ETF issuers with ~799k BTC. Other issuers mentioned include Fidelity, Grayscale, Bitwise, ARK Invest and Morgan Stanley. Strategy (public company) holds ~781k BTC, with Arkham noting ~184k BTC held via Fidelity Custody. Government holdings are also significant: the US has ~328k BTC (seizures tied to cases such as Bitfinex and Silk Road), while the UK has ~61k. El Salvador (~7.6k), the UAE Royal Group (~7k) and Bhutan (~3.5k, down from ~6k) are also listed. On the largest individual wallets, a Binance cold wallet tops at ~249k BTC, with additional Binance, Robinhood and Bitfinex cold wallets among the largest. An unattributed wallet category includes several “mystery” addresses. For traders, these Bitcoin ownership flows highlight custody/ETF accumulation and long-term holder behavior more than near-term volatility triggers.