Latest Crypto News | Bitcoin, Ethereum and Altcoin Updates

The Clarity Act, a major US crypto market-structure bill, collapsed during a Senate procedural vote after months of stalled negotiations. The immediate dispute centred on ethics provisions addressing President Donald Trump’s family crypto interests, including World Liberty Financial, the $TRUMP memecoin and American Bitcoin. Trump disclosed $1.4 billion in crypto-related income during his first term, giving Democrats leverage to demand stronger safeguards. Senators Ruben Gallego and Angela Alsobrooks said they could not support the bill without an adequate ethics framework. Crypto-friendly Senator Kirsten Gillibrand also warned that the legislation could not advance without one. The bill’s prospects were further weakened after Coinbase withdrew support in January over the treatment of stablecoin yield. Industry advocates argued that the move missed an earlier negotiating window. Senate Republicans also chose to draft their own proposal rather than adopt the House version, which passed 294-134 in July 2025 with support from 78 Democrats. This created additional procedural hurdles because any Senate bill would need to return to the House. With the 2026 midterm elections approaching, Democrats were reluctant to help deliver a political victory to Trump, while Republicans struggled with a fragmented negotiation process. The failure leaves US crypto regulation uncertain and raises questions about whether industry-backed political groups such as Fairshake should continue favouring Republican candidates. For traders, the delay increases regulatory uncertainty and may keep market-structure legislation from serving as a near-term bullish catalyst.

Michael Saylor argues that digital assets could grow into a $100 trillion industry as artificial intelligence automates more work and reshapes the economy. He says digital intelligence will create new products and companies, but only if entrepreneurs can access faster, cheaper and simpler financing. Saylor supports clear token issuance rules, risk-based disclosure and direct channels connecting small businesses with investors. He believes digital assets can reduce the cost and complexity of capital formation, potentially helping 10 million new companies raise funds. As AI agents increasingly conduct research, negotiations, purchases and other transactions, financial infrastructure will need to operate 24/7. Digital wallets, programmable payments, transferable assets and software-accessible financial services could allow agents to transact on behalf of people and businesses. Saylor identifies Bitcoin and other digital assets as suitable forms of internet-native capital. He also highlights tokenised securities. Stocks and credit could trade continuously across markets, while investors could transfer assets between competing custodians, lenders and service providers. Self-custody would improve customer bargaining power and encourage better services and lower borrowing costs. For traders, the comments reinforce the long-term investment case for digital assets and tokenisation, although they do not represent a new market-moving policy or adoption announcement.

A HYPE whale has reportedly sold tokens for profit daily over the past two weeks, according to blockchain analytics data. Earlier deposits totalled 232,610 HYPE, worth about $19.67 million, sent to Bybit and Gate. More recent activity brings reported exchange deposits to 266,570 HYPE, valued at approximately $24.29 million. About 177,520 HYPE worth $16.08 million was transferred to OKX and Bybit roughly one hour before the latest report. Two days earlier, 89,050 HYPE worth $8.21 million was sent to Binance, Kraken, OKX and Gate. Rising HYPE exchange inflows may increase short-term selling pressure, but the transfers do not confirm that the tokens were sold. Traders should monitor HYPE price momentum, order-book liquidity, exchange balances and follow-up whale movements for signs of further distribution.

Bloomberg Intelligence says the China Tech 8 index trades at more than a 50% discount to the US Magnificent Seven, the widest gap of 2026. The analysis argues that China tech needs a credible AI catalyst to narrow the valuation gap and attract global investors. US technology companies have already converted artificial intelligence into stronger earnings, product launches and enterprise adoption. Chinese technology firms remain focused largely on AI investment, with spending on chips and software yet to generate comparable commercial returns. Slower AI monetisation is weighing on earnings expectations and price-to-earnings multiples. China’s government continues to support AI development, including chip design and large language models. However, regulatory uncertainty adds a risk premium for international funds. Bloomberg Intelligence says a commercially successful domestic AI application or clear AI-driven revenue growth from major Chinese companies could trigger a sector-wide reassessment. For traders, the China tech valuation gap is not yet a straightforward value signal. A sustained recovery would likely require evidence of AI profitability, improving earnings guidance and reduced policy risk. Until then, Chinese technology stocks may continue to underperform US AI leaders despite periodic rallies in AI-related shares.

Hong Kong AI stocks fell in early trading on September 28, with the large-model sector under pressure. MiniMax-W (00100.HK) dropped nearly 10%, while Zhipu (02513.HK) fell 5.45%. The move reflects weakness in Hong Kong AI stocks, although the article provides no specific catalyst or direct link to cryptocurrency markets. Crypto traders should treat the development as a broader technology-sector sentiment signal rather than a direct trading trigger for digital assets.

A single team allegedly extracted at least $18.43 million from 53 Robinhood Chain meme coin launches over roughly two months, according to on-chain analyst Wazz. The Block independently verified manipulation involving 10 Pons V2 launches and traced funding flows from DRAFT to DEED. Pons V2 imposes a 99% anti-sniping tax on early buyers, but creators can exempt up to 32 wallets. In the launches reviewed, 15 to 25 exempt wallets bought most of the supply within one to three blocks, often leaving the creator and related wallets with 82% to 86% of tokens. The wallets then sold shortly after liquidity moved to Uniswap v4. Wazz linked 45 launches through recurring funding flows and connected eight more through shared signing keys and collection wallets. The largest alleged withdrawals were $3.12 million from CRUMBS, $2.90 million from LEGS and $1.44 million from PINK. In the DRAFT-to-DEED flow, 98 DRAFT wallets transferred 179.88 ETH to a common address. Funds were later distributed to DEED-related wallets, which acquired 86% of DEED’s supply. Those wallets and the creator generated about 199.8 ETH, worth roughly $535,000 at the time, before funds were moved through the Relay bridge, converted into about 231,000 DAI and sent to a fresh address. The Robinhood Chain meme coin scam allegations are likely to intensify scrutiny of launchpad controls, insider allocations and liquidity practices. Traders should treat rapid launches with concentrated holdings and creator wallet exemptions as high-risk.

Strategy executive chairman Michael Saylor says digital tokens could help 10 million new companies raise capital as artificial intelligence changes how businesses are built. He argues that tokenised fundraising could reduce financing costs and delays, provided issuance rules are simplified while maintaining investor disclosures, ownership protections and anti-fraud accountability. Saylor proposes rules tailored to different types of token offerings, with disclosure requirements matched to the level of risk. The approach could lower legal and compliance costs for startups without removing core investor safeguards. The US Securities and Exchange Commission has also proposed crypto issuance exemptions. One proposal would allow eligible issuers to raise up to $5 million over four years, while another would permit fundraising of up to $75 million every 12 months. Both proposals remain under consideration and include disclosure and anti-fraud requirements. For crypto traders, the comments point to a potentially larger tokenised securities market and greater institutional adoption over the long term. However, no new rule has been approved, so the immediate market impact is likely limited.

Dogecoin (DOGE) is trading near $0.097 after a volatile week that saw a spike to $0.1035 and a sharp decline to $0.093 on Binance’s DOGE/USDT perpetual market. The moves triggered liquidations on both sides and reduced open interest, although it later stabilised. CoinGlass data shows a dense short-liquidation zone between $0.0985 and $0.100, with a larger resistance-related shelf near $0.109. Below the market, a lighter long-liquidation pocket sits around $0.090–$0.091. Funding remained positive at about 0.009% throughout the week, suggesting that bullish positioning was not fully removed during the sell-off. A confirmed one-hour close above $0.0985 could expose DOGE to the $0.109 area. A close below $0.093 would increase the risk of a move towards $0.090. DOGE remains inside its recent range, so neither breakout has been confirmed. Bitcoin traded near $84,600, while Ethereum, Solana and Sui also moved higher as broader risk appetite supported altcoins. For DOGE traders, liquidation levels, funding rates and open interest are likely to remain key short-term indicators.

DYORSWAP said the incident was caused by a fraudulent network impersonating GIWA Chain 9134, rather than a vulnerability in the DYOR smart contracts. The OP Stack-style network and bridge infrastructure were deployed on 27 September 2026. Around 1,335 addresses deposited approximately 767.65 ETH, while about 766.25 ETH was later withdrawn through the bridge. DYORSWAP recorded 1,479 on-chain operations, including 1,148 successful transactions involving 298 wallets and 104 liquidity pools. The team has distributed more than 200 ETH from its own funds to compensate affected users. DYORSWAP is investigating the bridge deployers, funding sources, batch-processing infrastructure and movement of the drained funds. It is also using on-chain data to distinguish attackers from legitimate victims. For traders, the DYORSWAP incident highlights fake-chain, cross-chain bridge and DeFi counterparty risks. Compensation may limit immediate selling pressure, but confidence in DYOR-linked services could remain under pressure.

PUMP rose above 0.0051 USDT on OKX, reaching an intraday high of 0.005215 USDT. The token gained 16.52% over 24 hours, making PUMP one of the stronger performers in the market during the reported period. Traders should monitor follow-through buying, trading volume and whether PUMP can hold the 0.0051 USDT level after the sharp move. The report does not provide a specific catalyst, so the rally may be vulnerable to profit-taking and short-term volatility.

DeFi options are gaining momentum as competition among perpetual DEXs intensifies. Options provide leveraged, asymmetric exposure without the liquidation risk of perpetual futures, but buyers can lose the entire premium if contracts expire worthless. Time decay, volatility, bid-ask spreads, limited liquidity and poor timing remain major risks. A HYPE call-option example shows that options can deliver much higher percentage returns than spot exposure when the token reaches the strike price before expiry. However, the position can lose 100% of its premium if HYPE fails to move far enough or quickly enough. On-chain options volume remains small, at about 5.5% of Deribit’s volume. Derive is described as the leading on-chain options platform after recording a weekly volume high. Its DRV token reportedly rose from about $0.10 to nearly $0.57, while protocol revenue and token performance each increased by more than 95%. Complex interfaces remain a barrier to adoption. Dreaming and SkewTrade are developing simpler mobile and strategy-based products, while Hyperliquid is reportedly considering an options platform. Long-term growth will depend on deeper liquidity, easier user experiences and broader asset coverage, including tokenised equities. Traders should use small positions and closely monitor strikes, breakeven prices, volatility and expiry dates.

China’s Ministry of State Security said crypto’s supposed anonymity is fundamentally false. Blockchain technology records transaction data permanently, allowing investigators to trace activity across the full transaction chain. The ministry warned that cryptocurrencies have become important tools for illegal activities, including money laundering, cyberattacks, espionage and the theft of sensitive information. The comments highlight rising regulatory and compliance scrutiny of crypto transactions in China. For crypto traders, the statement reinforces the risks of using digital assets for illicit finance and challenges the common narrative of crypto anonymity. It does not announce a new trading restriction or policy measure, but could support stronger monitoring, wallet screening and enforcement activity over time.

Fidelity’s 50% Strategic Allocation Portfolio benefited from broad gains across major asset classes in the second quarter of 2026. U.S. stocks rose 15.72% over the three months ending June 30, while international equities gained 14.59%. U.S. taxable investment-grade bonds advanced 0.67%. Security selection in U.S. equities notably improved the portfolio’s relative performance. As of June 30, the fund was overweight U.S. and emerging-markets equities, while maintaining an approximately equal allocation to developed international markets. Fidelity said strong corporate earnings growth, improving labor markets and falling crude-oil prices supported market performance. However, economic uncertainty and volatility remained. The commentary provides an asset-allocation update rather than a direct cryptocurrency outlook.

The crypto market faces mixed signals. DYORSWAP said it has compensated users with more than 200 ETH and will continue tracking the stolen funds. A group linked to at least 53 token-launch projects allegedly cashed out $18.43 million through Robinhood over two months, raising fresh concerns about token-launch abuse and market integrity. California Governor Gavin Newsom signed legislation barring public officials from issuing meme coins. The move adds regulatory pressure to speculative crypto assets. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has completed his first original novel, Snowmoon, although the project has no stated cryptocurrency token. Bloomberg commodities analyst Mike McGlone said Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have underperformed over the past decade and suggested their peak may have passed. In contrast, Strive’s CEO indicated that the company may continue buying Bitcoin. Michael Saylor called for digital tokens to help finance 10 million new companies. For traders, the update highlights a divided market: fraud concerns and regulatory restrictions may weigh on speculative tokens, while continued institutional Bitcoin accumulation could support BTC demand. Watch ETH fund recovery, Bitcoin flows, and regulatory headlines for volatility catalysts.

THORChain is facing criticism after refusing Bitget’s request to blacklist addresses linked to a suspected North Korean hack. Bitget initially reported $351.6 million in unauthorised transfers before raising the estimate to $387.5 million. The dispute has renewed debate over censorship, decentralisation and the responsibilities of permissionless crypto protocols. THORChain’s RUNE token has nevertheless gained about 50% in one week. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin said Ethereum is evolving beyond a conventional blockchain into a “cryptographic world computer”. The network’s roadmap includes zero-knowledge proofs, parallel processing, privacy, post-quantum security and decentralised off-chain components. Buterin said the planned Hegota upgrade could be Ethereum’s final “normal” fork. The Ethereum redesign could expand verifiable applications beyond conventional smart-contract finance and support new DeFi use cases. US Securities and Exchange Commission Commissioner Hester Peirce announced her resignation, effective October 2. She criticised excessive KYC data storage and suggested zero-knowledge proofs could verify user eligibility without exposing personal information. Bitcoin rose 3.8% during the week to $84,222, while Ethereum gained 3.7% to $2,674 and XRP climbed 7% to $1.50. Total crypto market capitalisation reached $2.88 trillion. QNT was the strongest major altcoin performer, gaining 435%, while NEAR rose 80% after the launch of private perpetual futures trading. Bitwise’s proposed NEAR ETF report projected a base-case 2030 price of $155 and a bullish case of $562, although such forecasts are highly speculative.

Strive’s chief executive has indicated that the publicly listed company plans to continue buying Bitcoin. The CEO also suggested increasing the leverage or amplification of the company’s Bitcoin strategy, saying it would “turn up the multiplier a little more.” The statement reinforces Strive’s ongoing Bitcoin accumulation policy and could attract attention from crypto traders monitoring institutional demand, corporate treasury activity and leveraged Bitcoin exposure. However, the company did not disclose the purchase amount, timing or specific financing structure. The immediate market impact is therefore likely to depend on whether Strive follows the comments with confirmed Bitcoin purchases.

GMO argues that rising equity supply, rather than weaker AI demand, could trigger a break in the AI bubble. The firm highlights the release of roughly $2 trillion in SpaceX shares from lockup restrictions on 12 June 2027, alongside potential IPOs from Anthropic and OpenAI. Hyperscalers are also increasing share issuance to fund heavy AI infrastructure spending. GMO estimates that US equity supply could shift from shrinking by about 1% a year, due to buybacks, to expanding by nearly 5%. Historical data cited in the report suggests that a 1% increase in equity supply has been associated with an approximately 4% decline in market value over the following year, after adjusting for valuations. The report says passive funds, benchmark constraints and limited cross-asset allocation have reduced the number of investors willing to absorb new shares. GMO estimates that the resulting equity supply headwind could reduce returns by about 20% relative to normal over the next 12–18 months. The firm compares the setup with the 2000 internet bubble, when heavy internet-related share issuance helped pressure markets before weak industry fundamentals became widely recognised. GMO warns that expensive valuations, high profit expectations and continued AI investment could amplify any downturn. The analysis is a market risk assessment, not a prediction of an inevitable crash.

Quant will provide the technology infrastructure for The Clearing House’s On-Chain Money programme, an interoperable network for clearing and settling tokenized deposits. Its platform will support interoperability, transaction orchestration and transaction management, while connecting the network to existing fiat payment systems such as RTP and CHIPS. The Clearing House processes more than $2 trillion in daily clearing and settlement activity through wire, ACH, check-image and real-time payment services. The network is expected to open to participating financial institutions in the first half of 2027 and will support instant settlement and conditional transactions. The partnership strengthens the institutional use case for tokenized deposits and links blockchain payment infrastructure with established US payment rails. Quant’s QNT token has also surged 342.1% over seven days and 97.6% over 24 hours to about $298.75, according to the article. The tokenized deposits development may support long-term interest in QNT, but the sharp rally could mean that positive expectations are already priced in and may increase short-term volatility.

ONDO price broke above 0.58 USDT, reaching 0.5882 USDT, according to OKX market data on 28 September 2026. ONDO gained 9.38% over 24 hours, highlighting strong short-term buying momentum. Traders should monitor whether ONDO can hold above the 0.58 USDT level, as sustained support could reinforce the bullish trend, while a rapid pullback may signal profit-taking.

Bloomberg analyst Mike McGlone said Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies may qualify as underperforming assets from a risk and portfolio-management perspective over roughly the past decade. The MarketVector Digital Assets 100 Index (MVDA), which is about two-thirds Bitcoin, has remained broadly flat since 2017, while the Nasdaq 100 has continued to rise. Bitcoin and the wider crypto market also recorded average volatility roughly three times higher than the Nasdaq 100. Despite showing a positive correlation with equities, crypto assets did not provide effective portfolio diversification, according to McGlone. His comments suggest that Bitcoin’s risk-adjusted performance and diversification value remain key concerns for long-term investors.

Tokenized funds have expanded rapidly against the stablecoin market. Over two years, their value rose from $2.99 to $11.39 for every $100 in stablecoins, while the broader stablecoin market reached about $300 billion. Estimates for tokenized Treasury and money-market products range from $15 billion to $33 billion because assets are spread across blockchains and product structures. Leading products include Circle’s USYC at roughly $2.5 billion-$3 billion, BlackRock’s BUIDL at $2.2 billion-$2.7 billion and Ondo’s USDY at $2.1 billion-$2.3 billion. These tokenized funds pass short-term Treasury yields to investors and are increasingly used as collateral or reserves in DeFi protocols such as Ethena. The trend shows stablecoins evolving beyond trading and settlement into yield-bearing digital-dollar products. Regulation may accelerate adoption. The proposed GENIUS Act could restrict yield payments on payment stablecoins while creating clearer rules for tokenized funds. However, KYC requirements, restricted transfers, redemption windows and limited cross-chain interoperability remain barriers. JPMorgan analysts estimate tokenized funds account for about 5% of the wider stablecoin ecosystem and could reach 10%-15% if legal and infrastructure conditions improve. For traders, the growth is broadly bullish for tokenization, Treasury-backed assets and related infrastructure. It may shift some stablecoin liquidity from high-frequency trading toward yield allocation and institutional settlement. Key risks include falling interest rates, regulatory changes, smart-contract exposure and lower liquidity than conventional stablecoins.

StonkFun, a Solana-based token launch platform, said its official X account, @LaunchOnSF, was briefly suspended for allegedly violating X platform rules. The account has since been restored and is operating normally. The incident may raise temporary concerns about platform compliance and operational continuity, but no permanent suspension or broader disruption was reported. According to GMGN data, the STONK token had an estimated market capitalisation of $202 million and fell 11.7% over 24 hours. Traders should monitor further statements from X and StonkFun, as well as STONK trading volume and liquidity. The STONK decline may reflect broader market weakness or project-specific sentiment, but the article provides no evidence that the account suspension directly caused the price move.

QNT surged more than 87% in 24 hours, briefly reaching 373 USDT before trading at 287.71 USDT. The rally followed Quant’s announcement that it will support The Clearing House’s On-Chain Money Initiative. Quant will provide interoperability, orchestration and transaction-management infrastructure for a network designed to help financial institutions clear and settle tokenised deposits. The system is expected to connect with established US payment networks, including RTP and CHIPS, and support instant settlement and conditional transactions. Participating institutions are expected to access the network in the first half of 2027. The announcement strengthens the institutional adoption case for Quant and follows rising QNT activity, with active addresses reaching a near one-year high of 2,064 on 24 September. Traders should monitor trading volume, follow-up partnerships and implementation progress. Despite the long-term potential, the parabolic QNT move increases the risk of consolidation and a sharp correction, making FOMO hazardous.

Google, OpenAI and Anthropic are reportedly advancing plans for the Standards Authority for Frontier AI (SAFA), an industry-led body focused on AI safety standards. Earlier discussions involved shared frontier-model testing, independent evaluations, pre-release reviews and standardised risk assessments. SAFA could create common testing, auditing and self-regulatory frameworks, potentially with government oversight. The initiative comes as frontier AI companies face growing scrutiny over model incidents and the risk of stricter regulation. Anthropic has promoted government cooperation through its Responsible Scaling Policy, while OpenAI uses its Preparedness Framework. Google DeepMind has disclosed fewer details about its internal safeguards. All three companies are members of the Frontier Model Forum. The proposal may improve testing consistency and give investors and policymakers better visibility into AI risk controls. However, SAFA’s structure, launch date and government role remain unconfirmed. The companies also differ over voluntary standards versus binding regulation. The Future of Life Institute’s 2026 AI Safety Index gave Anthropic a C+, OpenAI a C and Google DeepMind a C, suggesting continued concerns about safety commitments as model capabilities expand. For crypto traders, the direct impact is neutral because the news involves AI regulation, not a cryptocurrency or blockchain project. Traders should watch official confirmation, third-party audit requirements, public testing disclosures, capability thresholds, regulatory participation, funding and AI-company valuations. These factors could influence technology-sector sentiment, investment flows and broader risk appetite, but are unlikely to create a direct crypto price catalyst.

The Rhea token, associated with Near-based cross-chain DeFi project Rhea Finance, rose above $0.19, gaining 131% in 24 hours and 466% over seven days, according to CoinGecko data. Rhea Finance provides lending, yield products, cross-chain bridge services and perpetual trading on the Near network. The project is described as one of the largest DeFi platforms in the Near ecosystem. The sharp Rhea token rally highlights strong short-term buying interest and increased attention toward Near DeFi. Traders should monitor trading volume, liquidity, token unlocks and whether the price can sustain its breakout, as rapid gains can also increase volatility and profit-taking risks.

Blockchain Association CEO Summer Mersinger will step down on 16 October 2026, weeks after the US Senate failed to advance the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act in a 49-50 vote. She will remain an adviser until the end of 2026. Mersinger, a former Commodity Futures Trading Commission commissioner, joined the Blockchain Association in June 2025. During her tenure, the group held more than 300 meetings with congressional and agency staff and organised seven member lobbying visits in 2026. Kristin Smith, the Blockchain Association’s founding member and board president, will become interim CEO on 17 October while continuing to lead the Solana Policy Institute. The organisation is searching for a permanent successor. Smith previously led the Blockchain Association until 2025. The leadership change could affect lobbying on crypto regulation, including securities classification, stablecoins, tokenisation, decentralised finance and the division of authority between the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. For traders, the immediate price impact is likely to be limited. However, the Senate setback and interim appointment suggest that US crypto regulatory clarity may take longer, potentially keeping volatility elevated around legislative and agency announcements.

Craneware plc published its 2026 Q4 earnings call presentation. The materials were released alongside the company’s quarterly results and cover its financial and business performance. The provided article contains no detailed figures, guidance, management commentary or operational metrics. Craneware is a healthcare software company, so the update is more relevant to healthcare technology and equity investors than to crypto traders. No cryptocurrency, blockchain project or digital-asset market data is mentioned.

The Alliance for a Better Future is spending more than $1 million on AI ads supporting Republican Senate candidates’ positions on artificial intelligence safeguards. The AI ads target key races in Maine, Kansas, Iowa and Michigan. The candidates featured are Senators Susan Collins and Roger Marshall, along with Ashley Hinson and Mike Rogers, who are competing in open or contested Senate races. The campaign highlights Republican positions on AI regulation and could shape voter perceptions of the party’s technology policies. The spending is political rather than directly related to cryptocurrencies. However, traders should monitor whether the campaign changes broader debate around AI regulation, technology policy and election outcomes. Any effect on prediction markets is likely to be concentrated in the targeted Senate races and may remain limited for crypto markets.

California Governor Gavin Newsom has signed Assembly Bill 2409, making California the first US state to explicitly ban public officials from creating, issuing or promoting meme coins. The California meme coin law takes effect on 1 January 2027 and covers state and local elected officials, legislators, advisory board members and certain public employees with contracting authority. The law also restricts digital asset service providers, including exchanges and trading platforms, from listing meme coins linked to public officials. It passed unanimously in both chambers. Enforcement will be civil, allowing the attorney general and local district attorneys to seek injunctions and recover profits, but violations will not carry prison sentences. The measure creates a forward-looking framework rather than naming specific tokens. It could affect political fundraising, branding and speculation, while requiring exchanges to strengthen screening and compliance systems. For crypto traders, the California meme coin law increases regulatory risk for politically affiliated token projects. Its immediate effect on Bitcoin and the wider crypto market is likely to remain limited, unless other states adopt similar restrictions or enforcement expands.